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　　在濟(jì)南的高樓大廈與工廠車間里，通風(fēng)管道如同建筑的 “呼吸系統(tǒng)”，一旦出現(xiàn)漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)，就像人得了 “哮喘病”，不僅效率大打折扣，還可能造成能源浪費(fèi)。安裝后的通風(fēng)管道看似嚴(yán)絲合縫，實(shí)則可能暗藏 “漏氣玄機(jī)”?；?“漏風(fēng)偵探”，掌握科學(xué)的檢測(cè)方法，才能讓通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)真正暢通無(wú)阻。

　　In high-rise buildings and factory workshops in Jinan, ventilation ducts are like the building's "respiratory system". Once there is a leak point, it is like a person suffering from "asthma", which not only greatly reduces efficiency but may also cause energy waste. The installed ventilation ducts may appear tightly fitted, but in reality, there may be hidden "air leakage secrets". To become a 'leak detective' and master scientific detection methods, one must ensure that the ventilation system is truly unobstructed.

　　最基礎(chǔ)的 “聽(tīng)診法” 就像醫(yī)生用聽(tīng)診器診斷病情，簡(jiǎn)單卻有效。在通風(fēng)管道運(yùn)行時(shí)，檢測(cè)人員貼近管道表面，仔細(xì)聆聽(tīng)是否有 “嘶嘶” 的氣流聲。這種方法尤其適用于風(fēng)速較大、漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)明顯的情況。在濟(jì)南的大型商場(chǎng)或?qū)懽謽侵?，管道分布范圍廣，檢測(cè)人員可以沿著管道走向，分段貼耳傾聽(tīng)，憑借聲音的強(qiáng)弱和方位，初步鎖定漏風(fēng)區(qū)域。但 “聽(tīng)診法” 存在局限性，微弱的漏風(fēng)聲容易被環(huán)境噪音掩蓋，因此常作為初步篩查手段。

　　The most basic "auscultation method" is like a doctor using a stethoscope to diagnose a disease, simple yet effective. During the operation of the ventilation duct, the inspection personnel should approach the surface of the duct and carefully listen for any "hissing" airflow sound. This method is particularly suitable for situations with high wind speeds and obvious air leakage points. In large shopping malls or office buildings in Jinan, pipelines are widely distributed, and inspectors can listen to them in sections along the direction of the pipelines. Based on the strength and direction of the sound, they can preliminarily identify the air leakage area. However, the "auscultation method" has limitations as weak air leakage sounds can be easily masked by environmental noise, and therefore is often used as a preliminary screening tool.

　　煙霧測(cè)試則是給漏風(fēng)點(diǎn) “打標(biāo)記” 的巧妙方式。檢測(cè)時(shí)，關(guān)閉通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的所有風(fēng)口，在管道內(nèi)部釋放無(wú)害煙霧（如專用的煙霧測(cè)試劑產(chǎn)生的煙霧），然后迅速開(kāi)啟通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。此時(shí)，漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)會(huì)因壓力差將煙霧 “吸” 出管道。檢測(cè)人員在管道外部仔細(xì)觀察，若發(fā)現(xiàn)煙霧從某處縫隙逸出，就能精準(zhǔn)定位漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)。在濟(jì)南的工廠車間，由于管道常架設(shè)在高處，檢測(cè)人員可以借助望遠(yuǎn)鏡或登高設(shè)備，全方位查看管道表面是否有煙霧痕跡。這種方法直觀且靈敏度高，即便微小的漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)也能顯現(xiàn)，但需注意煙霧測(cè)試劑的選擇，確保其無(wú)毒無(wú)害，不會(huì)對(duì)管道和環(huán)境造成污染。

　　Smoke testing is a clever way to "mark" air leakage points. During the inspection, close all air vents of the ventilation system, release harmless smoke inside the pipeline (such as smoke generated by specialized smoke testing agents), and then quickly turn on the ventilation system. At this point, the leakage point will "suck" the smoke out of the pipeline due to the pressure difference. The inspection personnel carefully observe the outside of the pipeline, and if smoke is found escaping from a certain gap, they can accurately locate the leakage point. In the factory workshop in Jinan, as pipelines are often installed at high places, inspectors can use telescopes or high-altitude equipment to comprehensively inspect whether there are smoke traces on the surface of the pipelines. This method is intuitive and highly sensitive, even small air leaks can be detected, but attention should be paid to the selection of smoke testing agents to ensure that they are non-toxic and harmless, and will not cause pollution to pipelines and the environment.

　　正壓檢測(cè)法如同給管道做 “壓力體檢”，通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)精準(zhǔn)判斷漏風(fēng)情況。先將通風(fēng)管道的所有出口封閉，僅保留一個(gè)連接風(fēng)機(jī)的開(kāi)口，利用風(fēng)機(jī)向管道內(nèi)注入空氣，使管道內(nèi)部壓力升高至規(guī)定數(shù)值（如 1000Pa）。此時(shí)，管道內(nèi)壓力大于外部，若存在漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)，空氣會(huì)向外泄漏導(dǎo)致壓力下降。檢測(cè)人員使用專業(yè)的壓力測(cè)量?jī)x器，持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)管道內(nèi)壓力變化。如果壓力在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)下降過(guò)快（超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)允許的壓力降范圍），則說(shuō)明存在漏風(fēng)。為了進(jìn)一步確定漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)位置，可采用分段檢測(cè)的方式，將管道分成若干段，逐段隔離檢測(cè)，哪一段壓力下降異常，漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)就大概率在該區(qū)域。這種方法科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，適用于對(duì)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)要求較高的場(chǎng)所，如濟(jì)南的醫(yī)院、實(shí)驗(yàn)室等。

　　The positive pressure detection method is like conducting a "pressure check" on a pipeline, accurately determining the air leakage situation through data. First, seal all the outlets of the ventilation duct, leaving only one opening connected to the fan. Use the fan to inject air into the duct to increase the pressure inside the duct to the specified value (such as 1000Pa). At this point, the pressure inside the pipeline is greater than outside. If there are air leakage points, air will leak outward, causing a decrease in pressure. The testing personnel use professional pressure measuring instruments to continuously monitor pressure changes inside the pipeline. If the pressure drops too quickly within the specified time (exceeding the allowable pressure drop range of the standard), it indicates the presence of air leakage. To further determine the location of the air leakage point, a segmented detection method can be used, dividing the pipeline into several sections and isolating each section for detection. The section with abnormal pressure drop is likely to have the air leakage point in that area. This method is scientifically rigorous and suitable for places with high requirements for ventilation systems, such as hospitals and laboratories in Jinan.

　　負(fù)壓檢測(cè)法與正壓檢測(cè)法原理相反，是給管道 “抽氣降壓”。將管道內(nèi)部抽成負(fù)壓狀態(tài)，外部空氣會(huì)因壓力差通過(guò)漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)進(jìn)入管道。檢測(cè)人員在管道外表面涂抹肥皂水，若某處出現(xiàn)氣泡，就說(shuō)明該位置存在漏風(fēng)。在濟(jì)南的老舊建筑改造中，通風(fēng)管道結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，負(fù)壓檢測(cè)法能有效檢測(cè)出隱蔽部位的漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)。與正壓檢測(cè)法相比，負(fù)壓檢測(cè)法操作相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，不需要大型加壓設(shè)備，但檢測(cè)效率較低，適用于小型通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)或局部檢測(cè)。

　　The principle of negative pressure detection method is opposite to that of positive pressure detection method, which is to "extract air and reduce pressure" from the pipeline. Draw the inside of the pipeline into a negative pressure state, and external air will enter the pipeline through the leakage point due to pressure difference. The inspection personnel apply soapy water on the outer surface of the pipeline. If bubbles appear in a certain area, it indicates that there is air leakage at that location. In the renovation of old buildings in Jinan, the ventilation duct structure is complex, and the negative pressure detection method can effectively detect hidden air leakage points. Compared with the positive pressure detection method, the negative pressure detection method is relatively simple to operate and does not require large pressurization equipment, but has lower detection efficiency and is suitable for small ventilation systems or local detection.

　　超聲波檢測(cè)儀則是現(xiàn)代科技賦予 “漏風(fēng)偵探” 的 “秘密武器”。這種儀器能捕捉到空氣泄漏時(shí)產(chǎn)生的高頻超聲波信號(hào)，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為可識(shí)別的聲音或數(shù)值。檢測(cè)時(shí)，檢測(cè)人員手持超聲波檢測(cè)儀，沿著管道緩慢移動(dòng)，當(dāng)儀器發(fā)出尖銳的警報(bào)聲或數(shù)值突然增大時(shí)，說(shuō)明附近存在漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)。超聲波檢測(cè)儀靈敏度極高，即使微小的漏風(fēng)也能被探測(cè)到，尤其適用于檢測(cè)難以觸及的高處管道、狹窄空間內(nèi)的管道。在濟(jì)南的大型工業(yè)廠房中，復(fù)雜的管道布局和嘈雜的環(huán)境增加了檢測(cè)難度，而超聲波檢測(cè)儀不受環(huán)境噪音干擾，能快速精準(zhǔn)定位漏風(fēng)點(diǎn)，大大提高了檢測(cè)效率。

　　Ultrasonic detectors are the "secret weapon" given to "leak detection" by modern technology. This instrument can capture high-frequency ultrasonic signals generated during air leaks and convert them into recognizable sounds or numerical values. During the inspection, the inspector holds an ultrasonic detector and slowly moves along the pipeline. When the instrument emits a sharp alarm sound or the value suddenly increases, it indicates the presence of a nearby air leakage point. Ultrasonic testing equipment has extremely high sensitivity, even small air leaks can be detected, especially suitable for detecting difficult to reach high-altitude pipelines and pipelines in narrow spaces. In large industrial plants in Jinan, the complex pipeline layout and noisy environment increase the difficulty of detection, while ultrasonic detectors are not affected by environmental noise interference and can quickly and accurately locate air leakage points, greatly improving detection efficiency.

　　濟(jì)南通風(fēng)管道安裝后的漏風(fēng)檢測(cè)，需要綜合運(yùn)用多種方法，像偵探破案般抽絲剝繭。從簡(jiǎn)單的 “聽(tīng)診” 到高科技的儀器檢測(cè)，每一種手段都有其獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)。只有不放過(guò)任何一處細(xì)節(jié)，才能讓通風(fēng)管道告別 “漏風(fēng)” 煩惱，在泉城的各個(gè)角落暢快 “呼吸”，為人們營(yíng)造舒適、高效的環(huán)境。

　　The air leakage detection after the installation of ventilation ducts in Jinan requires the comprehensive use of multiple methods, like a detective solving a case. From simple auscultation to high-tech instrument detection, each method has its unique advantages. Only by paying attention to every detail can ventilation ducts bid farewell to the trouble of "air leakage" and breathe freely in every corner of the Spring City, creating a comfortable and efficient environment for people.

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